最高の Talk Islam ポッドキャスト (2024)

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A Medieval Muslim on the Jewish and Christian Scriptures 1:04:04

21d ago1:04:04

1:04:04

How would a medieval Sufi Muslim view the Jewish and Christian scriptures? In this episode, we explore this question through the teachings of Abd al-Karim al-Jili. Born on the Malabar coast of India in 1365, Jili studied throughout the Middle East before settling in the town of Zabid in Yemen. It was there that he wrote his most famous work, al-Ins…

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Orientalism Reconsidered: Collecting Islamic Manuscripts in Seventeenth Century Europe 1:03:42

2M ago1:03:42

1:03:42

In 1632, the University Library at Cambridge was transformed by the arrival of an extraordinary collection of manuscripts in Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Hebrew, and Malay. They were collected by an early Dutch orientalist, Thomas Van Erpe, better known by his Latinized name Erpinius. To mark the four hundredth anniversary of his death in 1624, Cambri…

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Sicily under the Arabs and Normans: A Medieval Experiment in Multiculturalism 1:03:01

3M ago1:03:01

1:03:01

For more than four centuries, Muslims, Christians and Jews dwelt side by side on the Mediterranean island of Sicily. For around half of that time—from 827 to 1091—they lived under the rule of Arab Muslims, and for the other half under Norman then Swabian Christian kings, before the Muslims were finally expelled in 1245. Since Sicily had been part o…

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Daring to be Different: Muslim Debates about Imitating Non-Believers 1:06:15

4M ago1:06:15

1:06:15

In a famous hadith, the Prophet Muhammad told his followers, “Be different!” He also warned them about the potential dangers of imitating non-Muslim communities. Over the next fourteen centuries, various Muslim scholars pondered and elaborated the possible meanings of this prophetic advice. In what ways should Muslims be different? Were all forms o…

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The Long-Forgotten Qurans of Spain: A Muslim Scripture in Medieval Spanish 1:03:07

5M ago1:03:07

1:03:07

Muslims lived in the Iberian Peninsula for best part of a millennium before their final expulsion of the early 1600s. During those nine centuries, there flourished a rich literary culture, not only in Arabic but also in Aljamiado—a version of Castilian Spanish that was written with the Arabic script. In this episode, we explore the fascinating Qura…

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Soft Power Islam: The Geopolitical Contest over ‘Moderate Islam’ 1:01:38

6M ago1:01:38

1:01:38

The past few decades—since 9/11 in particular—have seen the increasing prominence of ‘moderate Islam’ in the public sphere. But who gets to define what this term means? How are these different definitions projected to wider Muslim, and non-Muslim, audiences? And what are the political implications of these varied versions of ‘moderate Islam,’ wheth…

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Islam and Jazz: An African American Odyssey 1:01:10

7M ago1:01:10

1:01:10

The mid-twentieth century was not only a time when some of the greatest jazz music was created. It was also a period when many African American musicians converted to Islam. By the 1940s, there was a variety of different versions of the faith from which to choose in America. The Ahmadiyya movement had arrived in the United States around 1920; the N…

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Lessons from an Indian Village: Shared Hindu-Muslim Devotion in South India 1:00:51

8M ago1:00:51

1:00:51

Just how much does Islam vary in different places around the world? And how have local forms of Islam evolved in rural regions where Muslims have lived side-by-side with Hindus for centuries? In this episode, we tackle these questions by looking at local religious practices in the south Indian village called Gugudu. Turning away from theoretical ab…

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Chinese Muslims and the Middle East: The Transformation of Islam in Modern China 1:18:40

9M ago1:18:40

1:18:40

China is not only home to around 20 million Muslims, it is also home to a variety of different Islamic traditions, and of various ethnic groups who follow those different versions of Islam. In this episode we focus on the Chinese-speaking (or ‘Sinophone’) Muslims rather than the better-known Turkic-speaking (or Uyghur) Muslims. From the medieval pe…

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Sharia and the Modern State: How the British Empire—and its Muslim Subjects—Transformed Islamic Law 1:00:19

10M ago1:00:19

1:00:19

Many people, whether Muslim or non-Muslim, might think of Sharia as ancient and unchanging. But like any form of law, it has a history. And like every aspect of religion, it was transformed in the modern era. This episode examines how Sharia changed during the two centuries when the British Empire ruled over large parts of the Muslim world. Surveyi…

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The Mongol Storm: How the Mongols Transformed the Middle East 59:40

11M ago59:40

59:40

In 1218, the pagan armies of the Mongols appeared on the horizon of the Middle East to begin a series of campaigns unparalleled in their scale of violence. In the deceptively mellifluous phrasing of the Persian historian Juvaini, “amadand o kandand o sokhtand o koshtand o bardand o raftand.” (“They came, they uprooted, they burned, they killed, the…

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Saintly Infrastructures of Medieval Islam: The Shrine at Torbat-e Jam 55:14

12M ago55:14

55:14

The importance of Christian monasteries to the socio-economic no less than the religious life of medieval Europe has long been recognized. Far less well-known is the comparable role of Muslim shrine complexes in providing a socio-economic infrastructure for their surrounding communities. This was especially the case in the eastern Islamic lands com…

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A Muslim Book Collector in Late Ottoman Europe 1:01:13

1y ago1:01:13

1:01:13

Today, thousands of Islamic manuscripts survive as testimony to the seven-hundred-year Muslim presence in southeastern Europe. But collections of manuscripts that belonged to a single person are exceedingly rare. And when the books of an individual person remain together as a collection, they tell us much more than they do when dispersed. In this e…

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Who Decides What is Islamic? Insights from Anthropology 1:00:35

1y ago1:00:35

1:00:35

As any observer of the Islamic world—or regular listener to Akbar’s Chamber—will know, there are a dizzying variety of different forms of Islam. Yet every Muslim who follows one of these different versions believes it represents the true version of the faith. This begs the question of who gets to decide what is, and isn’t, Islam? In other words, wh…

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The Many Meanings of Muslim Martyrdom 56:42

1y ago56:42

56:42

Today, Muslim martyrdom is often most associated with the modern phenomenon of suicide bombing. But definitions about martyrdom—and its relationship to jihad—are complex and contested, being the subject of intense scrutiny and debate among Muslim scholars for nearly fourteen centuries. In this episode, we’ll examine the development of the Islamic d…

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The Muslims of Sri Lanka: Custodians of Adam’s Footprint 1:02:00

1+ y ago1:02:00

1:02:00

As a crossroads of the Indian Ocean’s monsoon winds, Sri Lanka has hosted Muslim traders, pilgrims, and settlers since the early centuries of Islamic history. From the early medieval period to the present day, this episode traces the development of Sri Lanka’s several distinct Muslim communities, each with their own languages and traditions, with r…

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Praising the Prophet in West Africa: The Profound Eloquence of Arabic Madih Poems 1:01:57

1+ y ago1:01:57

1:01:57

West Africa has a rich history of the writing and reading of Arabic poetry that connects the region to the literary and philosophical traditions of the wider Muslim world. Building on praise poems composed by the Prophet Muhammad’s own companions, and the work of medieval Egyptian masters such as al-Busiri, West African religious teachers developed…

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The Archaeology of Islam: What Digging Tells us that Reading Doesn’t 54:25

1+ y ago54:25

54:25

For Muslims and non-Muslims alike, the study of Islam usually equates to the reading of books. But in recent decades, archaeological excavations have revealed a more complex picture of the Muslim past than written sources have recorded. This has been especially the case for the history of Islam in Africa, where excavations in different regions of t…

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The Most Influential Branch of Islam You’ve Never Heard Of: Barelwism 58:30

1+ y ago58:30

58:30

Founded in north India in the late nineteenth century, the Barelwi (or Barelvi) movement has since gained more than 200 million followers across India, Pakistan, and the South Asian diaspora from Southeast Asia to Africa, Europe, and the United States. Yet even its name remains unfamiliar, let alone its doctrines. So, in this episode, we’ll explore…

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The Architect of Global Jihad: The Exile Life of Abdallah Azzam 59:54

1+ y ago59:54

59:54

Born in Palestine in 1941, Abdallah Azzam became associated with the Muslim Brotherhood as an adult refugee in Jordan. Then, in his twenties and thirties, he moved between Amman, Cairo, and Jeddah, gaining religious qualifications and joining the Islamist opposition to Israel and Arab leftist movements alike. But it was only with the Soviet invasio…

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Islamic Law across the Indian Ocean: Shafi‘i Debates from Egypt to Indonesia 57:33

1+ y ago57:33

57:33

What is Islamic law? How does it work? And who decides what is and isn’t legally permitted? In this episode, we’ll be exploring these questions with regard to the followers of one of the four Sunni law schools, the Shafi‘i school. Named after its founder, Imam al-Shafi‘i (who died in Cairo in 820), over the following centuries the Shafi‘i school (o…

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The Adventures of Joseph in Africa: Swahili Tales of the Prophet Yusuf 56:50

2y ago56:50

56:50

The story of Joseph is one of the greatest sagas in world history. A youth of stunning beauty, beloved of his father but envied by his brothers, who is sold into slavery, before resisting the seductions of his owner’s wife and rising up to be governor of Egypt after interpreting Pharoah’s dreams. It is a story that has everything: jealousy and love…

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A World of Wonders: A Muslim Guidebook to the Cosmos 59:57

2y ago59:57

59:57

Writing amid the tumult of the Mongol invasions, the polymath Zakariyya al-Qazwini compiled an account of the earth and heavens that rose above his dismal surroundings to depict a creation full of wonders and rarities. After leading readers through everything under the sun—animal, mineral, or vegetable-he then turned to the planets and stars, befor…

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How Bengalis Became Muslim (and How Islam Became Bengali) 1:02:54

2y ago1:02:54

1:02:54

Home to some 175 million Muslims, Bengal—incorporating today’s Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal—is one of the largest but least known regions of the Muslim world. Since the medieval period, it has also reared a rich literature in the Bangla language, written by both Muslims and Hindus alike. In this episode, we’ll examine how one part…

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The Meanings of Muslim Mysticism: An Introduction to Classical Sufi Texts 59:31

2y ago59:31

59:31

Between the eighth and tenth century, a series of profound texts were written in Arabic that explored the deepest, darkest and ultimately the most brightly illuminated corners of the human psyche. Their authors were the founding figures of the Islamic mystical tradition known as Sufism. But inasmuch as these teachers were mystics, whose prayers and…

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Singapore Islam: How a Commercial Hub became a Muslim Melting Pot 1:03:40

2y ago1:03:40

1:03:40

Few people today would think of Singapore as being a religious center, still less a Muslim one. But even before it began its great commercial climb in modern times, the city was already linked to the spiritual and mercantile networks of Indian Ocean Islam. Then, from nineteenth century, Singapore played host to as varied a spectrum of Asian Muslims…

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‘The Master of Illumination’: The Teachings of Suhrawardi 1:06:03

2y ago1:06:03

1:06:03

Few philosophers can be said to have been watershed figures, in the wake of whose teachings a tradition of philosophy forever changed its course. Shihab al-Din Suhrawardi was such a figure for the development of Islamic philosophy. Trained in the Aristotelian school of Ibn Sina (known in the West as Avicenna), Suhrawardi nonetheless became a mystic…

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God’s Unruly Friends: Rule Breaking World Renouncers of Medieval Islam 1:11:15

2+ y ago1:11:15

1:11:15

According to a famous saying of the Prophet Muhammad, “Poverty is my pride.” Perhaps no group of Muslims took that adage so seriously as the qalandars and other dervishes who not only renounced the comforts of family and domestic life, but also rejected every trace of social respectability. Nothing mattered more to them—they took pride in nothing e…

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The Salafi Search for Authenticity 59:20

2+ y ago59:20

59:20

Salafism has gained a great deal of media attention over the past twenty years, but for all that remains poorly understood. Part of the reason is a paradox at the heart of the name and goals of the Salafis themselves. In taking their name from the pious ‘ancestors’ (al-salaf)—the first generations of Muslims in the seventh century—the Salafis are d…

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The Meaning of Muslim Dreams: Landscapes of the Imagination in Egypt 1:05:32

2+ y ago1:05:32

1:05:32

According to a famous saying of the Prophet Muhammad, “A true dream constitutes one forty-sixth part of prophethood.” Over the following centuries, countless Muslim thinkers discussed the hidden problem in that saying: how to distinguish a ‘true dream’ from other kinds of dreams, whether mundane ones caused by illness and indigestion or more worryi…

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The Medieval Arabic World of Books: A Tour of a Lost Syrian Library 1:02:38

2+ y ago1:02:38

1:02:38

In this episode we explore the contents of a remarkable medieval library: the Ashrafiya of Damascus. What makes the Ashrafiya important isn’t so much its fame in its own time, but the survival of an extraordinary document: the oldest Arabic library catalogue ever discovered. Using this as our guide, we take a tour of the library, from its location …

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Comparing Christianity & Islam: Debating Religions in the Age of Print 1:08:32

2+ y ago1:08:32

1:08:32

Usually in Akbar’s Chamber we pursue questions of inter-religious understanding. But in this episode, we explore its flip side by way of the religious misunderstandings—and plain disagreements—between Christians and Muslims which were amplified in modern period by the spread of printing through the Middle East. After outlining the context in which …

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Rediscovering and Reconnecting: How the Hui Muslims of China Encountered their Co-Religionists 1:00:17

2+ y ago1:00:17

1:00:17

Studies of 19th and 20th century Chinese history often focus on Christian missionary activities in China. But the same period saw members of China’s Hui (or Sino-Muslim) community reconnect with their co-religionists overseas. Armed with knowledge of Arabic, Persian, and Urdu, and trained in new religious schools overseas, these Hui scholars began …

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The Other Shi‘ites: Recreating Karbala in Pakistan and India 1:02:14

3y ago1:02:14

1:02:14

Shi‘ism is usually thought of in relation to the Middle East, especially Iran and Iraq. But India and Pakistan have a combined population of up to 50 million Shi‘ite Muslims. While venerating the sacred history of the battle of Karbala—where the third Shi‘i imam Husayn was martyred in 680 CE—these Indian and Pakistani Shi‘ites have developed their …

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One Islam or Many? Making Sense of the Varieties of Islam 1:02:43

3y ago1:02:43

1:02:43

“Two facts confront someone studying Islam. One is the astounding variety of practices and beliefs that from place to place and time to time are considered to be Islam. The other is that Muslims, despite their manifest differences in practice and belief, tend to recognize one another as fellow Muslims”. So writes Kevin Reinhart in explaining the pr…

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From ‘Failed States’ to ‘Hidden Caliphs’: How Muslim Scholar-Saints became Pillars of Social Order 59:30

3y ago59:30

59:30

In this episode we’ll explore the history of a ‘hidden caliphate’ through which scholar-saints of the Naqshbandi Sufi order provided social stability during times of tremendous political upheaval. The Sufis in question were followers of Ahmad Sirhindi, who in the years after his death in 1624 – or 1034 in the Muslim calendar – designated him as the…

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An African Spiritual Odyssey: The ‘Ajami Traditions of African Islam 59:22

3y ago59:22

59:22

Africa’s Islamic traditions receive far less attention than is warranted by their intellectual and spiritual wealth. Because African Muslims have not only been major contributors to Arabic learning for a millennium or more. They also developed writings in their own languages that enriched Islam through insights and idioms drawn from the experience …

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Islam and Yoga: Sitting Together, or Worlds Apart? 51:01

3y ago51:01

51:01

For anyone entering a yoga studio today, the world of Islam might feel a million miles away. Yet for more than a thousand years, practitioners of Yoga have lived side by side with the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent. The history of Islam and Yoga, of Muslims and Hindus, is more than a tale of simple coexistence, though. It’s also a story of clos…

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Science, Faith, and the Search for True Knowledge: The Thought of Said Nursi 59:58

3y ago59:58

59:58

In the twentieth century, the rise of science and secularism became major preoccupations for countless religious thinkers, Muslim or otherwise. Among them was Said Nursi, an influential Kurdish-Turkish thinker who grappled with such timeless questions as what is a human being, and what constitutes true knowledge? After living through the collapse o…

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The Ottoman Legacy in Southeast Europe: The Deep Roots of Balkan Islam 1:06:28

3+ y ago1:06:28

1:06:28

Discussions of Islam in Europe often focus on the northern and western regions of the continent, where Muslim communities only evolved in the late twentieth century. But the history of Islam in southeastern Europe is far older, reaching back to the mid-1300s. Over the course of almost seven centuries, the Balkan region – encompassing today’s Greece…

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Technology and Religious Change: How Printing Transformed the Islamic Tradition 1:00:58

3+ y ago1:00:58

1:00:58

Historians have long recognized how the spread of printing in early modern Europe was a major contributor to the Reformation and Renaissance. So, when printing spread across the Islamic world in the nineteenth century, what were the consequences for the religious and cultural life of Muslims? In this episode, we’ll explore this question by looking …

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Islam in East Africa: Arabic Traditions of the Swahili Coast 1:07:00

3+ y ago1:07:00

1:07:00

Since early Islamic times, the shores and islands of East Africa have been closely linked to the Arabian Peninsula by monsoon winds that carried traders, scholars and mystics to sultanates that flourished along the Swahili Coast for almost a millennium. As well as contributing to the rich Swahili culture that developed through these Afro-Arabian in…

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At the Court of the Malay Sultans: The Making of Southeast Asian Islam 57:30

3+ y ago57:30

57:30

Today Indonesia is home to the largest Muslim population of any nation on the planet. But when, and how, was this region converted? And how were Islamic ideas and texts translated into the Malay language that became a regional lingua franca for Muslims across Southeast Asia at large? In this episode, we’ll survey over a thousand years of Southeast …

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The Many Forms of Muslim Charity: A Brief History of Islamic Almsgiving 56:37

3+ y ago56:37

56:37

From the verses of the Quran and the deeds of the Prophet Muhammad, charity has taken on many different forms over the fourteen centuries of Muslim history. The terms for obligatory and voluntary charity – zakat and sadaqa – are mentioned nearly sixty times in the Quran, while Sunni Muslims consider zakat to be one of the Five Pillars of the faith.…

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The Islam of the Afghan-Pakistan Borderlands 1:01:39

3+ y ago1:01:39

1:01:39

In this episode, we explore the interplay between religion and geography through a case study of the mountain regions that formed the borderlands between Afghanistan and British India then, from 1947, Pakistan. In recent years, the region entered the headlines through its association with the so-called Pakistani Taliban. But this was only the lates…

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The Muslims of Russia: Europe’s Largest, Oldest and Least Known Muslim Minority 59:52

4y ago59:52

59:52

Since the middle of the sixteenth century, Russia has been home to a large but little-known Muslim community that stretches from the Caucasus mountains across the Volga-Ural plains to Siberia. Today, Russia’s Muslims make up between 10 and 15 percent of the overall population, between two and three times the proportion of Muslims in the European Un…

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The Original Akbar’s Chamber: Inter-Religious Dialogue at the Court of a Mughal Emperor 1:01:09

4y ago1:01:09

1:01:09

In 1575, the Mughal emperor Akbar established the Ibadat-khana, or ‘House of Worship,’ at his Indian capital of Fatehpur Sikri. Over the following years, it would act as a space of religious dialogue between Muslims, Hindus, Zoroastrians, and Jews, along with Christian missionaries of the Jesuit order. By emphasizing the use of aql, or ‘reason,’ th…

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The Sacred Muslim Geographies of Chinese Central Asia 57:47

4y ago57:47

57:47

The Uyghurs of the Xinjiang region of China have been the focus of much media attention in the past few years. In this episode, we journey beyond the headlines to explore the religious and cultural history of the Turkic Muslim people who in the modern era came to be called Uyghurs. We’ll pay special attention to their relationship with their homela…

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Dervish Poets and ‘Vernacular Islam’ in Medieval Turkey 58:03

4y ago58:03

58:03

While the Quran was revealed in Arabic, for more than a thousand years Muslims have explored its meanings and implications in many other languages. In the medieval period, this process of ‘vernacularization’ accelerated as wandering holy men — known as dervishes and abdals — preached profound mystical doctrines in languages understood by ordinary p…

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The Magazine That Took Salafism to the World 57:52

4y ago57:52

57:52

In 1898, an obscure Syrian scholar called Rashid Rida founded a magazine in Cairo called al-Manar (‘The Lighthouse’). Over the next forty years, it reached readers as far apart as India and Argentina, Africa and Indonesia, spreading worldwide the new form of Islam called Salafism. Despite never holding any formal religious office, by seizing the op…

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